Artificial Rainmaking By Peta Watt Double Laser System From Ground Initiation Of Endothermic Reactions, As Similar Natural Lightning Phenomena In The Atmosphere

Introduction

In the atmosphere, after lightning, precipitation is formed and heavy rain fall occurs. This Well-known process. This natural lighting phenomenon has been practically demonstrated in the laboratory cloud chamber, as “Laser-induced condensation & water drops formation” and “Water drops formation by each and every laser shot in the cloud chamber”. In this process, lightning/laser creates high temperature which breaks the bonds of N2 and O2 to form excited N* and excited O*. Total Heat energy of lightning/laser is completely utilized for breaking the bonds of N2 and O2 (Chopkar, 1993). These excited N* and excited O*move to new places by wind and undergo reactions to form NO and O3 Which are end other mic reactions.

Artificial rain; Atmospheric cloud; Condensation; Endothermic reactions; Lasersystem; Precipitation; Raindrops; Rainfall; Natural Seeding.

Several attempts have been made by various researchers to create artificial rainbow lasers. Golde (1977) from number radar observations has reported that intenseprecipitation is not even present in the cloudsbefore the first discharge but develo psabruptlyin the sameregion after discharge from whichthe lightning flashes originate. Carls and Brock (1987) heated the atmosphere bya laser pulse upto1600 to 2800K and observed water droplet formation. They predicted that high temperature causes ionization of N2 and O2 and, when thisionized air is subjected to more radiation, avalanche breakdown of air can occur.Braun et al. (1995) have observed laser induced condensation and water dropsformation by shooting self-channeling of high- peak power femtosecond laserpulses in the air. Yoshihara et al. (2007) have shown that the pulsed UV-laserirradiation of ambientair induces formation of water drop letsor smallice particles inthe laboratory. They also observed that [O] formed in this process quicklyreacts with O2 molecules to form O3. Rohwetter et al. (2010) have shown thationized filament, generated by ultra-short-wave laser pulses induce water-cloudcondensation in the sub-saturated atmosphere in the altitude region between 45mand 75m. A team, called terra-mobile-group (TMG), consisting of scientists from Switzerland, Germany andFrance, have been trying to create artificial rain bylaser (Kasparian etal.2000; 2003; Mejean et al. 2006; Rohetteret al. 2010; Kasparian et al. 2012).

They have done simulation experiments in laboratory cloud chambers andhave observed condensation and water drop formation. They also succeeded in producing tiny water particles lesin moderately humid air in an altitude of 45 to 75m of the atmosphere by terawatt mobile laser. Butthe droplets were about a hundred times too small to fall rain drops; instead, they remained suspended in the air. The team feels that it is possible to get larger droplets if the power of the laser isincreased to petawatt (1015 watts) or exawatt (1018 watts). They further say that the effectiveness of this method is much easier to gauge than traditional cloud-seeding techniques and that it could provide a practical means of triggering rain rainfall``. (Search Google As' Laser makes rain ,heavily’ 2010). A group of Scientists from Florida University also observed water drop formation by high power laser shooting experiment. It appears from the above that laser has not yet succeeded in producing artificial rain. In this paper, a novel method is described to create artificial rain by laser.

IRRA Scientist Group has been successful in experiments in the laboratory, for‘ condensation is the basic need for water drop formation’. That condensation is the basic need for water drop formation can be understood by taking two glasses, one filled with normal water and another with ice pieces. After some time one can observe water droplets on the outer surface of the glass which contains ice but not the other. This is due to the condensation process that occurs around ice glass. So, IRRA Scientist Group, proposed a laser system for this research project, to create artificial lightning by initiation of end other mic actions, similar to natural lightning phenomena, for artificial rain making. A result of the reactions, temperature falls, condensation takes place, seeding occursan ditrainsinanan alogous way similart orainscreated by lightning. This process asbee practically proved in the laboratory and atmosphere “production of ozone and nitrogen oxides by laser filamentation”. A number of scientific and practical tests have been conducted in cloud chambers sandin the atmosphere to prove this hypothesis, as “Laser induced condensation and water drops formation by Laser shooting in the laboratory cloud chamber swells the atmosphere”. Now the question arises what are the conditions required for condensation. This means that, only and only, end other mic reactions are responsible for condensations, which also produces NO (Nitrogen Oxides) and O3 (Ozone) after shooting laser beams triggering end other mic reactions, condensation and precipitation. The setiny water drop sactasa natural seeding process, due to acceleration and tribulation by wind force in the atmosphere, to form another set of rain drops with heavy rain falls and lightning rain. End other mic reactions are responsible for condensation. Condensation Is the basic need for water drop formation as above laboratory experiment, “Condensationis the Basic Need for Water Drops Formation”.

This novel Rain making Technology can be used for white, warm clouds too which get converted into black rainy clouds for rain enhancement. As well as, water drops formation by high power Laser shooting, “Lasermakes rain”. The IRRA scientist Group has already demonstrated “Innovative Rainmaking Technology” in the Laboratory cloud’s chamber successfully, and results have been published in “Indian Journal of Science & Technology”, http://indjst.org, vol. 1,No.6(2008). Now, the project proposal, the design of the laser system, the Budget Estimate, and the work plan are ready with IRRA Scientist Group, India. IRRA Scientists ready for demonstration and collaboration with the Government for funding purposes for project proposal “Artificial rain making by PetaWatt double Laser system from ground initiation of Endothermic Reactions, as similar natural lightning phenomena in theatmosphere” In this experiment, Peta Watt(1015 watt),double laser creates artificial lightning in the atmospheric cloud’s regionsfrom ground. These White warm clouds are converted into black rainy clouds withnatural seeding for rain enhancement in the atmosphere. Laserplus will be sent Tothe cloud to initiate endothermic reactions which will createlightning phenomena, as in nature, mentioned above. For example, a German-Frenchgroup has used a fem to second–tera watt laser to obtain“Laser-assisted water condensations in the atmosphere’’. They have succeeded inobtaining rain drops from an altitude of 45m to 75m of the atmosphere. In this experiment, intensity ofLaser system can’t reach above 75 m an altitude in the atmospheric Scientist propose “Artificial rainmaking by Peta Watt (1015watt) double Laser system from ground initiation of end other mic Reactions, as similar natural lightning phenomena in the atmosphere”. This novel Rain making Technology can be usedfor white, warmclouds too which get converted into blackrain for rain enhancement.*Aswellas, water drops for mation by high power Laser shooting.

“Laser make rain ”by Florida University, Scientist Experimentally observed.*As per report, a group of European scientists working on artificial rain said in 2010, “Firing extremely power fullaser pulses through humid air can stimulate the formation of clouds, accordingto a team of European scientists. They say that the effectiveness of this method is mucheasiertogau get hantraditional cloud-seeding techniques and that it could provide a practical means of triggering rainfall”. (Search Google as Laser makesrain, heavily 2010). In Indian ancient tradition, there isa mention in Veda Shastra That “Fire arrows are sent to wards the atmospheric clouds which isresponsible for immediate rainfall” Our system could be Peta Watt (1015watt) doubleLaser system from ground, its fundamental wave length could be ~800nm. The pulse will have energy of ~500m J, 120fs and repetition frequency of 10Hz. The laserpulse has to propagate with almost high peak intensity in atmospheric clouds. Itworks when more than 65% humidity presents the atmosphere.Our Findings Could Be usedby scientists and engineers to create artificial rain through a new method. Theresults could be of immense benefit to human beings.

For creation of rain, according to well established meteorology theory (can be found in any textbook of meteorology), steps are the following: First (i) creation of low temperature → then (ii) condensationthen (iii) seed (CCN) formation → then (iv) tiny water drops for mation and rain occur in atmosphere. The present methodology is to send a laser pulse to the cloud region of the atmosphere to create high temperature. This High Temperature will break the bonds of O2 (21%) and N2 (74%) as follows: N2: N≡ N→N*+N------------------- (1) O2: O= O→O*+O------------------- (2) In this process N and O'In Excited State (N*,O*) will be created. The excited N* and O* are very unstable and immediately come to the ground state through the following reactions. N* + O2→ NO +O ∆H (43.2 kcal/mol)-----------(3) O*+O2+M → O3+M ∆H (67.7 kcal/mol) ……(4) The occurrence of reactions 3 and 4 and formation of NO and O3 have confirmation from NASA laboratory experiments [Sandersetal. 2003]. Formation of O3 NO, after laser shot, has been observed in laser experiments in the atmosphere (Petitetal .2010). The reactions 3 and 4 are the end other mic and there fore, they need heat energy (amountmention edinbrackets) which is absorbed from the cloud region. A saresult, the temperature of the cloud region falls (first step of rain formation is achieved and then other steps follow), condensation takes place, seeds (CCN) will be formed, and tiny water drops will be created. These tiny water drops may act as natural seeds to form other sets of rain drops. This chain process will result in rain fall. Ozone and Nitric Oxide, O3 and NO (form edinreactions 3 and 4) will undergo further reaction to form HNO3 particles and other nitrogen compounds, which will bind water molecules together to create water droplets. These water droplets again will act as natural seeds to forman other sets of rain drops. In the atmosphere, due to turbulence, small water drops coalesce and form big raindrops. In Addition, ions N2 + and O2+ and electrons formed by cosmic rays can create complex hydrated heavy positive and negative ions... HNO3-. (H₂O) n (where the value of n could be as large as 50) which can also act as seed to create rain. In short, to create artificial rain by laser, other mic reactions dare to be generated in the cloud region. It has-been shown nearlier how much heat energy absorbed by end other mic reactions from atmospheric clouds (Chopkar 1993 a, b; Chopkar and Chakrabarty 2008; Chakraborty Et Al. 2010; Chopkaretal. 2010).

The energy required to break bonds of 1 molecule of N2 and 1 molecule of O2, =2. 25x10-18 Joule. Alaserpulse of energy 500 mJ can dissociatea column of N2 and O2 containing (~0.5/2.25-18 )~1017 molecules which is much higher than the density in the atmosphere. Lasers can be operated from the ground as well as from an aircraft. In formercase, the laser pulse has to propagate a height of~ 1km (cloud height) from the ground. There will be attenuation of energy in this propagation. Kasparian et al. (2012) experimented with terawatt laser from the ground and observed a tiny destiny rain drop sinan altitude of 45m to75m of the atmosphere. To create large water droplets at higher altitudes, the group feels that laser power has to be peta-watt (1015watt) or hexa-watt (1018watt). If a laser is operated from an aircraft, then attenuation energy will be less. Inthatcase, laser power can reach the cloud region without much attenuation. It can also cover a large area and can move to any place. Turbulence Created By the aircraft in the atmosphere can also create small water drops which would collide with each other and form big rain drops. In this research paper, IRRA Scientist propose “Artificial rainmaking by Peta Watt (1015watt) double Laser system from ground initiation of End other mic Reactions, assimilar natural lightning phenomena in the atmosphere” Artificial rain making method help to increase the green life doxygen and decreasing the pollution. Thus, these methods play a major role in reducing drought and increasing the quantity of drinking water in future.

In this experiment, Peta Watt (1015watt) double Laser System creates artificial lighting in the atmosphere up to 1.2 Km to 2.7 K multitude in the white warm cloud’s regions. These white warm clouds are converted into black rainy clouds with natural seeding for rain enhancement in the atmosphere. A laser pulse will be sent to the cloud to initiate endothermic reactions which will create lightning phenomena, as in nature, mentioned above. The laser technology for this purpose, though not fully developed, yet exists. For example, a German- French group has used a fem to second – terawatt laser to obtain “Laser-assisted water condensations in the atmosphere’’. They have succeeded edinobtaining rain drops from an altitude of 45m to 75 m of the atmosphere. This novel Rain making Technology can be used for white, warm clouds too which get converted into black rainy clouds for rain enhancement. *As well as, water drops formation by high power Laser shooting. “Lasermakesrain” by Florida University, Scientis texperimentally observed. *As per a report, a group of European scientists working on artificial rain said in 2010, “Firing extremely powerful laser pulses through humidaire can stimulate the formation of clouds, according to a team of European scientists. They say that the effectiveness of this method is much easier to gauge than traditional cloud-seeding techniques and that it could provide a practical means of triggering rain fall”. (Search Google as ‘Laser makes rain, heavily 2010). In Indian ancient tradition, there is a mention in Veda Shastra that “Fire arrows are sent towards the atmospheric clouds which is responsible for prompt rainfall” Our system could be Peta Watt (1015watt), double Laser system, its fundamental wavelength wouldbe~ 800nm. The Pulse Will Have Energy Of ~500mJ, 120fs and repetition frequency of 10Hz. The laser pulse has to propagate with almost high peak intensity over a distance of ~1km.Itworks when more than 65% humidity is present in the atmosphere. Our Findings could be used by scientists and engineers to create artificial rain through a new method. The results could be of immense benefit to human beings.

This laser system can be operated from ground as well as from an aircraft. In this experiment, laser system can be operated from ground, Innovative rain making technology in the atmosphere as shown in Fig.No.1, in this demonstration, Peta Watt (1015watt) pulse laser with double coarse Laser (1) primary laser and (2) secondary Laser as shown in fig.No.1. A laser pulse hastobeseen the atmosphere reach white warmclouds regions about 1.2 Km to 2.7 Km altitude. It will initiate endothermic reactions which will create lightning phenomena and rain as in nature. These whitewarm clouds will be converted into black rainy clouds with natural seeding for rain enhancement in the atmosphere. This laser system can be operated from ground as well as from aircraft. Plans to operate from ground are shown in figures No.1.When operated from ground, covered area the ground could be ~ 5 Km to 7 K min radius. Fig.1 shows a plan to use two lasers. In this figure, Petawatt (1015watt) double Laser Pulse laser with double coarse laser (1) primary laser and (2) secondary laser is shown. In this system, secondary laser energy is used for laser pulse travelling purpose and primary laser energy is used for creating artificial lightning in the upper atmosphere up to 1.2 Km to 2.7 Km altitude for initiation of endothermic actions, lot of heat energy absorbed from surrounding atmospheric clouds, condensations take place, water drops form in the atmosphere.It's used as a natural seeding process, to form another set of raindrops, chains process occurs for rain enhancement in the atmosphere.

Innovative rainmaking technology by lasersystem from ground level can be used in the field of farmers. When the crops areon the verge of drying due to lack of rain since one to two months, this experimentcan come toanaid. It can cover an area of more than 7 km of radius wind direction in theatmosphere as per Fig.No.1. In this experiment, two cylindersfor Laser Sending And Travelling, one vertical 750m height, another inclined cylinder 500m rotating around in 360 angles horizontally as shown Fig. No.1. For this experiment, a hilly area must be selected on the field of the farmer, with a high power electric supply point already managed near the experiment site. High power lasersystem must be placed in a 12-wheel truck so that it becomes easy to transportit from one place to another. When the upper atmosphere is cloudy and more than65% humidity ispresent the atmosphere, the experiment can be started in the field of thefarmer. We will measure atmospheric parameters such as humidity, temperature, pressure, wind velocity, wind direction, etc. on ground level as well as in theupper level. For this purpose, a separate unit/ department was established as “Measuring & Maintained Department”. After Thesuccess of the experiment, all related data must be put in a software computer,for analysis and conclusion, with a fixed perfect Laser design for maximum rain making / rainfall in the atmosphere.Inthisway, we will use the Laser system from ground as Peta watt (1015watt) double Laser power with double Laser means primary and secondary laser). SecondaryL aser power willused for travelling purpose and primary Laser power used for creating artificial lightning in the atmosphere for rain making. Similarly, Laser power has to be peta-watt (1015watt) or hexa-watt (1018watt) should beused for creating artificial lightning in the atmosphere for rain making from ground level which is send asLaser pulse length 2.5 m to 5.0 min repetition processing upper cloud regions as shown inFig. No.1. Demonstration on project proposal of Innovative Rain making Technologyby Laser system from Ground level for Rain enhancement in the Atmosphere by IRRA Scientist Group. “Artificial Rain making Methodology by Laser system from Ground”, it’s most useful for the green revolution in the whole world for all human beings. In thisway “Innovative Rain making Technology by Laser system from Ground”, can be used for green revolution in the whole world for all human beings.

Innovative rain making technology is scientifically and practically proven as “Laser induced condensation and water drops formation in laboratory cloud’s chambers as well as in the atmosphere. However, according to Kaspa rian group, a laser pulse shot in the atmosphere ionizes : N2 and O2N2+ hν→ N2++e-................. (7) O2+ hν→O2++e-...................... (8) They have observed a lightning phenomenon in the laboratory cloud chamber as “Laser induced condensation and water drops formation in the laboratory cloud chamber by Fem to second – Tera watt mobile laser system”. Kasparian (2012) group says that it is the ionized species N2+ and O2+ which produce rain. But these two species are microsize which can not actasseedingagents. Also, N2+ and O2+ radicals are not observed by Kasparian group in laser filamentation experiments but production of O3 and NO has been observed by the min laser filamentation experiments. Experiments of Kasparian Group Finds Condensation and water drop formation and they sayin their ionization theory that N2+ and O2+ actas seeding agents. They also say “Mechanism of laser–induced condensation involves photo dissociation, in which photons break down atmospheric compounds in the atmosphere”. This process produces Ozone and Nitrogen oxides, which lead to the formation of Nitric acid particles that bind water molecules together to create water droplets.” But there is no seeding and water drop formation is not due to seeding. Small water drops formed by laser in the laboratory cloud chamber are due only to end other mic reactions (cooling) and this is obvious. In the atmosphere, due to acceleration and turbulence, these small sized water drops coalesce to form big rain drops.

These rain drops act as a natural seeding process to form different sets of rain drops; this chain process continues with heavy rainfall. Calculation For the energy required for dissociation is almost half of that required for ionization. The energy of a laser beam of wavelength λ is hν (ν = 1/λ and h is Planck’s constant). We will shoot laser pulse in the atmosphere and dissociate (break bonds of) N2 and O2 as follows: N2 + hν → N + N …… (1) O2 + hν → O + O …… (2) Bond energy of N2 = 226 kcal/mole. 1 cal = 4.184 Joule, Avogadro number = 6x1023. There fore, energy required to break 1 molecule of N2 = 226x103x4.184/ (6x1023) = 1.58x10-18 Jou Bond energy of O2 = 96 kcal/mole. Therefore, energy required to break 1 molecule of O2 = 96x103x4.184/ (6x1023) = 0.67x10-18 Joul So, the total energy required for breaking 1 molecule of N2 and 1 molecule of O2 will be (1.58x10-18 + 0.67x10-18) = 2.25x10-18 Joule. When a laser pulse is shot in the atmosphere, it may ionize N2 and O2 as follows: N2 + hν → N2+ + e…........ (3) O2 + hν → O2+ + e…....... (4) Ionizing potential of N2 = 15.58 ev = 2.49x10-18Joule Ionizing potential of O2 = 12.2 ev = 1.95x10-18Joule So the total energy required ionizing 1 molecule of N2 and 1 molecule of O2 is 2.49x10-18 Joule +1.95x10-18Joule = 4.44x10-18 Joule.

The above calculation shows that the energy required dissociating 1 molecule of N2 and 1molecule of O2 is about half of that required to ionize them. The energy required for dissociation is almosthalf of that required for ionization. That means energy is first used up fordissociation, then the remaining energy (which may not be sufficient for ionization of N2 andO2) is delivered for ionization of N2 and O2. Hencedissociation takes place and not ionization. The Kasparian group does not talkabout dissociation. It is not only near the IR laser system, Yoshihara, etal. (2007), havediscussed in their paper the possibility of creating artificial rainby using lasers. Our methodology is to send laser pulses to cloud regions to break bondsof O2 and N2 (by reactions 1 and 2), createend other mic reactions and condensation (by reactions 3 and 4) and produce rainin the similar way as in lightning. There is attenuation of energy in operatingthe laser through Aircraft. Kasparian's groupsuggests an increase of laser power to petawatt (1015watt) or exawatt (1018watt) to create large water droplets.We will operate from an aircraft in the same way as spraying chemicals fromAircraft. A laser pulse of energy 500mJ is capable of dissociating a column of N2and O2 containing (~0.5/2.25-18) ~ 1017 molecules which much higher than the density in the atmosphere.

We express our sincere thanks to scientists: Prof Mamata R. Lanjewar (RTM University Nagpur), Prof A. P. Deshpande (Principal, Science College), Prof. Padmanabhan Murthy (J.N. University, New Delhi), Prof Umesh Kulshetra (J.N. University, New Delhi), Prof K. S. Korgaokar (Pune University, Pune), Dr. A.L. Agarwal (NEERI Nagpur), Dr. NitinSaraf (B.D. Engineering College, Sewagram), Dr. K. M. Kharate, (GM Engineering College & Research Centre, Sheogao), Dr. Mrs. Sumanlatha Pandey, Mr. Shyam Ujjainkar (Engineer), Mr. Bhola Katare ,Bhandewadi, (Jay Shri Jaganatha Namo Namha), Dr Dipak Deshmukh, Shegao ,(Shri Gajanan Maharaj) Shegao, Mr. Vithal Wagh, Waigegao, Sadguru Paramhans Shri Ramchandra Maharaj Namo Namaha. Mr. Rajesh Iyengar (P. N.College, Nanded). Dr. K.R. Gangakhedkar, (P. N. College, Nanded). Ex. Prof. Ratnakar Lanjewar (HOD, Chemistry Department), Science College, Nagpur. Nanded) for their valuable suggestions and guidance for projectproposal.

This method can be used for rain harvesting by“rain drain”. When huge clouds are present above a lake or dam, a laser beam canbe shot into the cloud region; then with a blast of clouds heavy rainfall willoccur to fill the lakeordam for future use of water. This method canals be used to reduce pollution of the atmosphere by spraying artificial rain on the polluted city. Anotheruse of this method is to stop excess rainfall. Low intensity laser pulse shotinto the cloud region will evaporate the clouds from the excess rain fallarea.This method can also be used to drive away the rain cloudfront regionwhere rain is not needed.

“Artificialrainmaking by Peta Watt (1015watt), double Laser system from groundinitiation of Endothermic Reactions, as similar natural lightning phenomena inthe atmosphere”. It covers ~16 Km2, an area...

It is shown in this article that byinitiating endothermic reactions in the cloud region of the atmosphere by alaser, artificial rain can be created.Laser may have the followingspecification: 1015watt, 800 nm, 500mJ,120fsand10Hz for operation from groundlevel.This Method Is Economical (one time investment), harmless, eco-friendly and can be switched on andoff when desired. It can be used at any place and at any time. It can also beused to fill lakes or dams for storing rainwater for future use(rain harvesting), to reduce pollution by spraying artificial rain on thepolluted city, to stop rain in the region where it is not wanted or where rainfall is in abundance.It may not be out of place to state here that in the holy Hindu book “Mahabharata”, there is a mention that by firing arrows in the atmosphere, rainwas created by Arjun to quench the thirst of God “Bhishma”. Artificial rainmaking methods help to increase the greenlife and oxygen and decrease the pollution. Thus, these methods play a major role inreducing drought and increasing the quantity of drinking water in future.

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